Sommerfeld's students can be categorized by type, i.e., the course of study under Sommerfeld. I would now be willing to see Germany disappear as a power and merge into a pacified Europe. 3 July 2017. Arnold Sommerfeld: Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951) was a German theoretical physicist who made Found inside – Page 49Emergence of Arnold Sommerfeld's Quantum School Michael Eckert ... eagerly accepted the request.47 In the same year, the Royal Swedish Academy invited Sommerfeld to nominate a recipient for the 1918 Nobel Prize. He also became the editor of the Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, a German mathematical encyclopedia, until 1926. He passed the national exam in 1892 and then began a year of military service, which was done with the reserve regiment in Königsberg. Later, at the University of Munich, Sommerfeld's students Ludwig Hopf and Werner Heisenberg would write their Ph.D. theses on this topic. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 - 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics. Herzfeld worked at the University of Munich with Sommerfeld and, I. I. Rabi, translated and edited by R. Fraser Code. "[36] Albert Einstein told Sommerfeld: "What I especially admire about you is that you have, as it were, pounded out of the soil such a large number of young talents. It seems that there has been an error in the communication. Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951) belongs with Max Planck (1858-1947), Albert Einstein (1879-1955) and Niels Bohr (1885-1962) among the founders of modern theoretical physics, a science that developed into a budding discipline during his lifetime. The largest mistake made by the foundation, says Crawford, was the fact that Lise Meitner did not receive a share of the 1944 chemistry prize, which was awarded to Otto Hahn for the discovery of fission. The completed forms must reach the Nobel Committee by January 31 of the following year. This appointment provided enough income to eventually marry Johanna. He was the 2nd most nominated person for Nobel Prize with 82 (most time nominated is Arnold Sommerfeld with 84 nomination) nominations between 1925-1945, ultimately winning in 1943. Arnold Sommerfeld, translated by Raymond J. Nagem, Mario Zampolli, and Guido Sandri. He holds the record of nominations without ever receiving this distinction . Eckert, M.; Arnold Sommerfeld: Science, Life and Turbulent Times 1868-1951 (Springer, New York, 2013). 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[5] He received his Ph.D. on 24 October 1891 (age 22). Mathematician Morris Kline stated of Sommerfeld, that he was an inspiring teacher at the vanguard of relativity, quantum theory, and electromagnetics, and that he educated the greatest physicists in the first 30 years of the twentieth century. Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, ForMemRS[1] (German: [ˈzɔmɐˌfɛlt]; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored many students for the new era of theoretical physics. Sommerfeld’s nominations for the Nobel Prize can be found listed in the Nomination Archive of the Nobel Prize website. He served as PhD supervisor for more Nobel prize winners in physics than any other . Sommerfeld was born in 1868 in East Prussia and received his Ph.D. in mathematics and physical sciences from the University of Königsberg in 1891. From Today I Learned: Personally nominated for the Nobel Prize a record 84 times, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld was one of the most influential physicists of all time, both because of his own . He became one of the founders of quantum mechanics; some of his contributions included co-discovery of the Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization rules (1915), a generalization of Bohr's atomic model, introduction of the Sommerfeld fine-structure constant (1916), co-discovery with Walther Kossel of the Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law (1919),[38] and publishing Atombau und Spektrallinien (1919), which became the "bible"[39] of atomic theory for the new generation of physicists who developed atomic and quantum physics. On November 10, 1922, Nobel prize in Physics for the year 1921 was announced. Nobel Prize in Physics Recipient. Wikipedia. (1896). However, in the early 20th century, theorists, such as Sommerfeld at Munich and Max Born at the University of Göttingen, with their early training in mathematics, turned this around so that mathematical physics, i.e., theoretical physics, became the prime mover, and experimental physics was used to verify or advance theory. The Nobel prize was named after Alfred Bernhard Nobel, who was a Swedish chemist as well as engineer, born in Stockholm. Physics 1919 by Emil Warburg. Sommerfeld In April of 1951, while in the midst of writing a book on thermodynamics (Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics), German theoretical physicist Arnold Sommerfeld been nominated 81 times for the Nobel prize (more than any other physicist), but not yet having won, was killed from injuries after a traffic accident while walking his grandchildren. Schrödinger’s wave equation and the probabilistic interpretation of Born’s wave function marked the definitive retirement of Bohr-Sommerfeld’s atomic model, in spite of its success in describing the spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Flow Research, United States National Academy of Sciences, List of things named after Arnold Sommerfeld, Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, "Men of Tribology: William Bate Hardy (1864–1934) and Arnold Sommerfeld (1868–1951)", Arnold Sommerfeld – Kommunikation und Schulenbildung, American Philosophical Society Author Catalog: Peierls, American Philosophical Society Author Catalog: Brillouin, American Institute of Physics: Edward Condon, American Philosophical Society –MOLE: Condon, "Arnold Sommerfeld – The Supporter of Indian Physics in Germany", "MacTutor History of Mathematics archive: Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951)", "Nobel population 1901–50: anatomy of a scientific elite", "University of Texas Cécile DeWitt-Morette December 21 1922–May 8, 2017", Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg, Intellectual Mastery of Nature: Theoretical Physics from Ohm to Einstein, Annotated bibliography for Arnold Sommerfeld from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues, Die Rolle Arnold Sommerfeld bei der Diskussion um die Vektorrechnung, Arnold Sommerfeld: Physicist and Teacher Beyond Compare, Presentation, including many historical pictures, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Sommerfeld&oldid=1031826081, Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences, Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Honorary Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox scientist with unknown parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. I can find about 220 scientific papers on Google Scholar by Sommerfeld and co workers. doi:10.1007/bf01447273. He completed his obligatory military service in September 1893, and for the next eight years continued voluntary eight-week military service. [41], In the winter semester of 1922/1923, Sommerfeld gave the Carl Schurz Memorial Professor of Physics lectures at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.[10]. This field cannot be empty, Please enter your comment. He entertained them in his home and met with them in cafes before and after seminars and colloquia. The second most nominated person for a Nobel Prize with 82 nominations in the years 1925-1945 , ultimately winning in 1943. . Two months later, on April 26th, he died. nominations, Sommerfeld himself holds the sad record of having been proposed for the Nobel Prize more often than any other physicists . Arnold Sommerfeld. Arnold Sommerfeld (December 5, 1868 to April 26, 1951) was a German physicist who is best remembered for his groundbreaking work in various fields of theoretical physics, especially atomic physics and quantum physics. Sommerfeld later accepted the chair of Applied Mechanics at the Königliche Technische Hochschule Aachen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany where he formed his theory of hydrodynamics. Since any reputable scientist could have their article published without refereeing, time between submission and publication was very rapid – as fast as two weeks time. Professor of Applied Physics at the University of Alicante and member of the Spanish Royal Physics Society, Receive the OpenMind newsletter with all the latest contents published on our website. "[50], Sommerfeld was awarded many honors in his lifetime, such as the Lorentz Medal, the Max-Planck Medal, the Oersted Medal,[51][52] election to the Royal Society of London, the United States National Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, the Indian Academy of Sciences, and other academies including those in Berlin, Munich, Göttingen, and Vienna, as well as having conferred on him numerous honorary degrees from universities including Rostock, Aachen, Calcutta, and Athens. He was the one who introduced the second and the third quantum numbers. Arnold Sommerfeld, "Mathematische Theorie der Diffraction" (The Mathematical Theory of Diffraction), Math. [5], In October 1893, Sommerfeld went to the University of Göttingen, which was the center of mathematics in Germany. . Physicist. Walter Rogowski, an undergraduate student of Sommerfeld at RWTH Aachen, also went on to become famous in his own right. In 1935, the Munich Faculty drew up a candidate list to replace Sommerfeld as ordinarius professor of theoretical physics and head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. Fine-structure constant, Wikipedia (consulted July 3 2017). Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld in 1897. Beyerchen, 1977, p. 9, citing the following reference: Max Born. “Nomination Database”. Through a National Research Council fellowship in 1925–1926 and a Guggenheim Foundation fellowship in 1926–1927, Pauling accomplished postgraduate work with Sommerfeld. Each recipient (known as a " laureate ") receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a monetary award. Four people have won it twice. Your comment will be published after validation. Devin Gaines earned 5 bachelor degrees with honors simultaneously. Physics 1920 by Wilhelm Wien. Physics 1922 by August Schmauss. Her latest book is Arrhenius: From Ionic Theory to the Greenhouse Effect (Science History Publications, 1996). Did you know that Arnold Sommerfield, nobel prize, physicist permalink. He served as doctoral supervisor for many Nobel Prize winners in physics and chemistry (only J. J. Thomson's record of mentorship is comparable to his). My bets are on the three gents who spoke/got mention this morning in Washington: Rainer Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Ronald Drever Your votes? In October 1897 Sommerfeld began the appointment to the Chair of Mathematics at the Bergakademie in Clausthal-Zellerfeld; he was successor to Wilhelm Wien. He apparently had a few rowdy college years resulting in a permanent fencing scar on his face from inebriated duels. Found inside – Page 513Gerlach received 30 nominations for a Nobel Prize but never received one. Gilbert N. Lewis had 41, but Arnold Sommerfeld holds the record of 84 nominations without an award. Further reading Atkins, P.W. and Friedman, ... Other students from Munich include Wolfgang Pauli, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 for his discovery of the “Pauli exclusion principle”, and Hans Bethe, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his theory of stellar nucleosynthesis in 1967. Sommerfeld witnessed many of the most dramatic scientific, cultural and political events of this era. Physics 1920 by Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz. Electrodynamics: Lectures On Theoretical Physics - Arnold Sommerfeld - Google Books. Nevertheless, Sommerfeld continued his work in quantum theory. [54][55], Sommerfeld died in 1951 in Munich from injuries after a traffic accident while walking with his grandchildren. Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the second German edition by G. Kuerti, Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the German by Edward G. Ramberg, Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the first German edition by Otto Laporte and Peter A. Moldauer. Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) received a scholarship from the Maximilianeum Foundation, and studied at LMU under the tutelage of Arnold Sommerfeld, who would remain his mentor. Photo by GFHund CC BY SA 3.0. In this historical volume Salvatore Califano traces the developments of ideas and theories in physical and theoretical chemistry throughout the 20th century. Clearly, these men were impressed not only with Sommerfeld’s education and knowledge but his teaching abilities as well. At Aachen, he developed the theory of hydrodynamics, which would retain his interest for a long time. Notwithstanding his important scientific contributions, Sommerfeld never received the Nobel Prize in Physics, although he was responsible for a series of major achievements that amply justified the award, and also created several records related to the prize that would be very hard to beat: The fact that 21 of his doctoral students made important contributions in their fields of specialization, that three of his postgraduate students also won the Nobel Prize (Linus Pauling, Isidor Rabi and Max von Laue), while another three were famous in their respective areas of research, all helps explain why Max Born (1882-1970) said that Sommerfeld’s skills included the “discovery and development of talent”, and why Albert Einstein himself on one occasion said to Sommerfeld: “What I especially admire about you is the way, at a stamp of your foot, a great number of talented young theorists spring up out of the ground.” (1). Physics 1919 by Max Planck. The title of Sommerfeld's Habilitation dissertation: Arnold Sommerfeld, translated from the fourth German edition by Martin O. Stern. Sommerfeld witnessed many of the most dramatic scientific, cultural and political events of this era. 1986. The ensuing discoveries of the Braggs clarified the phenomenon (although they, too, emerged from dubious assumptions about the . This story is even worse. Found inside – Page 85Between 1901 and 1966, the Nobel Prize winners were selected from a total of over twenty-two thousand nominations. The physicist Arnold Sommerfeld was nominated over seventy times but failed to receive a single prize. Just look at the Nobel-prize winners' list and check, who is a pupil of Sommerfeld's. The six-volume set "Lectures on theoretical physics" immediately shows, how this comes about. Ralph H. Fowler, Arnold Sommerfeld and Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim. Heisenberg won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 for the creation of quantum mechanics. Although Bohr’s model worked for the hydrogen atom –that is, an atom with a single electron– it was unable to explain the behavior of atoms with more than one electron. Physik [4]. 157 – 160, 254 ff., 304 ff., and 384 ff. Physics 1919 by Max von Laue. Jungnickel Jungnickel, b, pp. 1 "Sommerfeld: the Eternal Nobel Candidate," Augusto Beléndez, BBVA Open Mind. Wolfgang Ernst Pauli. Over his 32 years of teaching at Munich, Sommerfeld taught general and specialized courses, as well as holding seminars and colloquia. In 1915, Sommerfeld developed his own version of Niels Bohr’s atomic model (published two years earlier). This is 55,200 from A = 251, B = 220, h = 49. Sommerfeld’s model (or Bohr-Sommerfeld’s model) remained valid until the advent of quantum mechanics which started to unfold in around 1920, thanks to the contribution of established physicists like Schrödinger and Born, and of other younger physicists such as Dirac, de Broglie, Pauli, Heisenberg, and others). The theoretical physicist Arnold Sommerfeld (1868-1951) was born in Königsberg, a city in what was formerly East Prussia, today Kaliningrad in Russia, and also the birthplace of the mathematicians Christian Goldbach and David Hilbert, the philosopher Immanuel Kant and the writer E. T. A. Hoffmann. Found inside – Page 13Arnold Sommerfeld, who was nominated 84 times for the Nobel Prize, but never won, and was among the earlier contributors to quantum theory, was an admirer of Einstein and made special efforts to help his Jewish students and assistants, ... He received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the early age of 31, "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery . Met Johanna Höpfner, daughter of Ernst Höpfner, daughter of Ernst Höpfner, curator 12. The Chair of mathematics in Germany Heisenberg would write their Ph.D. theses on this topic Nomination of in! 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