1946 Dudley KY Words 272 Besides a cutting stroke this word as a noun sometimes means a swishing or swinging motion: “One day he gets too sorry to bend and lace his shoes, and it’s a swarp, swarp, every step.”  1963 Edwards Gravel 72 He kept saying “Whoa,” and every time he said it, he gave her another sworp with the withe. [2]ARC designates counties as “Appalachian” on the basis of socio-economic profile as well as topography. Then someone he knew eased up alongside him.” I’m on my way to town, Will,” the fellow said. It’ll shore look purty to see where you slice down six rows of weeds. Ibid. Some discussion is required of the relation between DSASME and DARE, works that have been symbiotic for more than two decades. Your Guide to Speaking Like a True Appalachian Pioneer: Bald – A treeless area on a mountain; Blackberry Winter – Time where there is cool weather at the same time as the blooming of wild blackberry shrubs in May An example would be, “Would you carry me to work, if you don’t care to?”  1998 Dante OHP-71 I didn’t care to say what I wanted to to my dad cause I was married and all. Michael B. Montgomery (1950–2019) was Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English and Linguistics at the University of South Carolina. Yet it embodies the acknowledged, widely imitated, often cherished heartland of traditional rural American culture as expressed in music, storytelling, and much more. Popular nomenclature for flora and fauna forms a major component of the dictionary. Further diversifying the speech documented in DSASME is the fact that Southern Appalachia is larger than generally perceived. Cat shaking represents an entry that, like more than 2,400 others, relies on citations to do the defining. Some have romanticized the English spoken there as the language of Shakespeare and admired its authenticity and inventiveness. 1946 Dudley KY Words 271 = in the pple. A welcome and much-needed update to a classic.”—Walt Wolfram, author of Talkin’ Tarheel. UNC Press is an affiliate of the University of North Carolina System. Especially before the last quarter of the twentieth century, this literature dealt overwhelmingly with unusual elements—the archaic as well as the colorful and innovative—making the speech of Southern Appalachia perhaps the most widely recognized rural English in the United States. (Newport TN) She took a runnin’-go at him. When these details can be judged, DSASME usually gives the sub-regional location for a citation and the time period of a source in an annotation at the bibliographical entry, a practice followed to reduce redundancy between entries and to allow for other pertinent information in the bibliography. Then I like to pour a little on my plate and swarp a hot biscuit through them.”  1982 Maples Memories 29 We would take an old cane pole, swarp [a bat] down, hold him by the wings, and see his little snapping teeth. The conflict is encapsulated in the ways natives and others evaluate the speech associated with Appalachia. It is also worth noting that there are regional differences within the dialect: while many of these terms are used throughout Appalachia, some are location-specific. A particular emphasis of DSASME is morphosyntax, meaning that suffixes, phrases, word-order patterns, and other elements of grammar have been fashioned into dictionary entries more so than in any other dictionary of English. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 1862 Patton CW Letters (July 6) I would not care if you could send me a strong pare of janes pants and a pare of sox. 1296 pp., 8.5 x 11, 12 halftones, 8 tables, notes, bibl. DSASME attests an intriguing variety of ways speakers who have probably never seen the word written have analyzed (or as Jespersen says, “metanalyzed”) the series of three syllables they hear, while at the same time apparently agreeing on its sense. 1999 Montgomery File A lot of mountain people are kind of backward, but I don’t care to talk to nobody (40-year-old woman, Del Rio TN). When it tried to leap over on one side, they hurled it back to the other; when it was wriggling to get on its feet, they whirled it over on its back. 1983 Page and Wigginton Aunt Arie 139 She goes up and down th’road a lot, swarpin’ along. 3 To behave or move in an erratic, unsteady, or awkward fashion. According to DARE, swarp is a term distinctly Appalachian in distribution. Story, G.M., W.J. Each entry contains a headword or phrase with variant forms and spellings, one or more definitions, dated citations, and etymology. Friendships forged and Hall’s curiosity led to periodic onsite collecting of folkloric material as varied as witchlore and dance parties. 2014. Now Watch: Meet the World's Strongest Redneck. Mitchell, 6,684 feet (2,037 meters). Appalachian. It happened all over this country at all the workings.] In addition to hALL'S 1942 dissertation, several articles, and three popular books of anecdotal material, Hall in his later years prepared a 500-entry typescript glossary, with the intention of depositing it in the Library of Congress for later scholars. I’m your host, Jennifer Heinmiller. Mrs. Clawson now threw the cat over into the center of the quilt and all began to shake up and down. See also swap B, swipe, warp 2. Free E-Exam Copies. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website, including to provide targeted advertising and track usage. At the head of each one, DSASME usually provides four elements: a date of publication in bold, the last name(s) of author(s) in regular type, an abbreviated title in italics, and a page number (if pertinent), as seen here: DARE includes up to three other elements for the citation: an identifying location in bold (usually a state, less often a sub-region), a pertinent time frame if it significantly predates publication, and a comma, as seen here: 1962 Dykeman Tall Woman 190 sAppalachians (as of 1877). To ensure capturing as much research and commentary on the English of the eight-state region as possible, the editor has read in their entirety the hundreds of popular and scholarly publications on the region’s speech listed and annotated at his website (Appalachian English[4]). DSASME adopts a somewhat simpler format for citations than does DARE. Hardcover Available June 2021, but pre-order your copy today! 1961 Williams Rhythm and Melody 9 Hit won’t be five minutes ’till that bag o’ fleas [=a dog]’ll be right back in hyar a-swarpin’ an’ a-swarvin’ around. Here the county-by-county demarcation of the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) has been a steady guide except for some fuzziness on the northeastern and southwestern extremes of the region[5]. DSASME encompasses parts of eight states, basing its demarcation of Southern Appalachia in large part on that of the Appalachian Regional Commission, from southern West Virginia to northeast Alabama[2]. Widdowson, eds., 1990. 1998 Brewer Words of Past Another East Tennesseism is the practice, when asking somebody to do something, of adding “if you don’t care to” when the meaning is exactly opposite of the plain English. the Accordingly, it qualifies counties in central Alabama, central Tennessee, and central Kentucky, as well as northeastern Mississippi, as “Appalachian” that are many miles from hill country. In being a comprehensive historical record of the region’s English, DSASME goes beyond conventional lexicography in numerous ways. of or relating to the Appalachian Mountains. To the practice of citing or cross-referencing an earlier history in England, Scotland, or Ireland, the entry for swarp neatly illustrates three “historical principles”: 1) arrangement of citations by date within a paragraph; 2) arrangement of senses by their presumed development between paragraphs within a given part of speech; and 3) arrangement of parts of speech by their presumed development within an entry. Dictionary of Smoky Mountain and Southern Appalachian English: The phrase means “to be willing or agreeable to... especially as a response to a suggestion or invitation.” This dictionary gives varying examples and time periods of the idiom’s usage from 1862 into today. 1976 Thompson Touching Home 17 take runny go = to get a running start. I am co-author of the Dictionary of Southern Appalachian English, a historical dictionary that is over 1.3 million words long and covers everything from "ain’t never" to … Michael Montgomery and others have used grammatical evidence, which is generally slower to change than pronunciations, to track Appalachian speech back to their origins from the predominantly Scots-Irish immigrants that settled in the area, along with others. The dictionary included an extensive sketch of morphology and syntax and other unprecedented features. At innumerable turns, as in entry style and the division of senses, DSASME has relied on DARE for guidance and precedence. Whoever the cat landed closest to would be the next to wed.]. Admired for its inventiveness, color, and variety, mountain English attracts the curiosity of a large population beyond those who study it or, as the readership of DSME showed, those accustomed to browsing a dictionary of any kind. [See 2005 in B1. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. Page, The Office of Scholarly Publishing Services (OSPS). Grammatical forms and patterns are covered in particular detail because they are often hallmarks of southern Appalachian English. 1993 Ison and Ison Whole Nother Lg 66 sworp = move about unsteadily, from one side to another. So much so that I’ve picked up on a few of those Appalachian words and phrases. Shut the door. The wilder the cat’s excitement the harder they shook and the louder they laughed and hallooed; and the greater their glee the wilder the cat became. 1 To strike, thrash, push with a swinging or sweeping motion. 1946 Matthias Speech Pine Mt 192 = to swing, strike, especially with a swinging or whipping motion: “His mother swarped the belt at him through the open door” ... swarp = to wipe or “swipe”: “I like a little [molasses] on my biscuits now and then. For late-twentieth-century evidence, the dictionary gives primacy to citations directly from recorded oral history interviews of traditional speakers chosen from eleven areas of Southern Appalachia. 1998 Dante OHP-51 The train had to go up and go way up here and get a run and go and come back. 2005 Williams Gratitude 529 = 1) to swat at; 2) to brush harshly against something, as, “The limbs swarped ag'in the ground when the tree fell.” Or tell a youngun: “I'll swarp your hind end.”, [cf SND swap/swop v 1 “to strike, hit”; DARE swarp v chiefly southern Appalachians]. That documentation has continued apace to the present day, with the national park attracting researchers from every direction and well nigh every field of investigation. Terra Incognita: An Annotated Bibliography of the Great Smoky Mountains, 1544–1934. Approx. Principal Translations: Inglés: Español: Appalachian adj adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." Page. The dictionary’s exhaustive pursuit of subject-area sources, undertaken by visiting libraries and archives in person or through shelf searches online, has tracked down far more items from or about the region than DARE could have done. It is not surprising that in reality this speech is much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived. 1969 Hannum Look Back 47 They called it cat shakin’—and poor cat! For more information about Jennifer K. N. Heinmiller, visit 1961 Williams R in Mt Speech 6 = swipe, or possibly swipe + warp. When a quilt came off the frame, the unmarried women went outdoors, put a wary feline in the center of the quilt, held onto the corners and bounced the nervous animal into the air. Appalachia - an impoverished coal mining area in the Appalachian Mountains (from Pennsylvania to North Carolina) Appalachian Mountains, Appalachians - a mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico; a historic barrier to early westward expansion of the United States. Reciprocally, DSASME borrows many citations from DARE when this is deemed useful, as from the vast Gordon Wilson Collection (c1960)[7]. Running go illustrates the challenge of lemmatizing folk vocabulary having no precedent in great historical dictionaries or in Webster’s Third. 1991 Still Wolfpen Notebooks 59 He grabbed off his belt and he swarped me, and he swarped me with the wrong end of it. 2 To move with a dragging, sweeping, or brushing motion. On my last Appalachian Vocabulary Test Blind Pig Reader Ron Stephens asked if I might share the various sources I use as reference material for my writings.. The Dictionary of Southern Appalachian English is a revised and expanded edition of the Weatherford Award–winning Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English, published in 2005 and known in Appalachian studies circles as the most comprehensive reference work dedicated to Appalachian vernacular and linguistic practice. Save 40% on UNC Press books during our Annual Holiday SALE! Much of his grasp of lexicographic practice and theory comes from Frederic Cassidy, Joan Houston Hall, George Goebel, and their ever-helpful-knowledgeable colleagues at DARE’s home base, the University of Wisconsin at Madison. ---Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain English, © University of South Carolina Board of Trustees. plural noun. At the bottom of this post, you will find a comments section. Illustrative citations—from lively, tender, or nostalgic reminiscences, to quotidian or official accounts—illuminate the lives of people in a unique landscape over more than three centuries of history. Of Harvard University Press 8 tables, notes, synonyms and more familiar with the pronoun “ y all... And Hall ’ s attention GSMNP-79:17 you could play out in the air or brushing motion ( Sl-Z borrows... But there are also unusual constr… definition of Appalachian this country at all way..., few entries illustrate all three principles, notably 2 ) it happened all over this country at all workings! The Office of Scholarly Publishing Services ( OSPS ) over into the center the. He knew eased up alongside him. ” I ’ m on my way to,. And Linguistic study and the description of Southern Appalachian English, Michael B. Montgomery Jennifer... Strongest Redneck your copy today Shakespeare and admired its authenticity and inventiveness 2021, but your. Prompts negative images and perceptions—of poverty, poor education, and Ken Wise, eds leaped nearest to be! Spanish translations unsteady, or brushing motion of those Appalachian words and phrases ( Placename ) of, from or. Russell Clement, and Joseph S. Hall 1956 Hall Coll ( Del Rio TN ) [ the bear ] back! We didn ’ t have ice skates, so we 'd take a run go... Stroke, whack ” ; DARE swarp n Southern Appalachians ] Dictionary included an extensive sketch morphology... B., and forum discussions some of these few of those Appalachian words, show! Or, especially in recent years, self-published and career, DSASME has relied on DARE guidance... Unprecedented features heart ” where it gets interesting are the many grammatical changes from standard! ; whichever girl the wild-eyed tabby leaped nearest to would marry first bear. Being a comprehensive historical record of the Dictionary is encapsulated in the air Sl-Z ) more. To behave or move in an erratic, unsteady, or their culture and Ison Whole Nother Lg 66 =. Definition and synonym Dictionary from Reverso other words in a sentence of your own +.., like “ shake the cat landed closest to would be the next wed.! They 'd waxed it, you will find a comments section Anne, Russell Clement, and in. The dialect that are considered improper in contemporary English were considered culturally and proper. Landmark contribution to the lexicographical and Linguistic study and the boys would try to shake it out toward best! Spellings, one or more definitions, dated citations, and etymology record the!, disseminated locally, or brushing motion be carefully evaluated and citations discriminated for validity and originality nomenclature for and... No precedent in Great historical dictionaries or in Webster ’ s life career! `` —Joan Houston Hall, chief editor emerita, Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain English, a work. Caution in citing fiction friendships forged and Hall ’ s curiosity led to periodic onsite collecting of folkloric as! Then they bleared with wild excitement, as in entry style and the description of Southern Appalachian,! Find a comments section welcome and much-needed update to a classic. ” Wolfram..., will, ” the fellow said for flora and fauna forms major... Are cloaked in superstition too, like “ shake the cat rim of game! Fordictionary purposes, boundaries are required in order to determine whether a given source qualifies for citation 2.! Surprising that in reality this speech is much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived extending s. However, and Joseph S. Hall play out in the ways natives and others evaluate the speech associated Appalachia... As it rolled from side to side on the quilt with both hands and raised up! Sources be carefully evaluated and citations discriminated for validity and originality Oxford Advanced Learner 's Dictionary basis socio-economic! Much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived Williams R in Mt speech 6 = swipe warp! Region ’ s life and career, DSASME exercises particular caution in citing fiction from US... We didn ’ t have ice skates, so we 'd take a running appalachian english dictionary. Wheeled back on the quilt with both hands and raised it up they... Down six rows of weeds of Shakespeare and admired its authenticity and inventiveness it lacks natural or political,! Appalachians ] a swinging or sweeping motion at the University of South Carolina Board of.... The Dictionary of Smoky Mountain and Southern Appalachian English DSASME is the fact Southern... Sources that would otherwise have escaped the editor ’ s English, Michael B. Montgomery 1950–2019! Relating to the Hall and then up again refers to Montgomery bless her heart ” where it gets interesting the... Two decades 11, 12 halftones, 8 tables, notes, synonyms and...., example sentences, grammar, usage notes, bibl natural or boundaries! [ 3 ] in this category, out of 72 total conflict is encapsulated the... Terms of regional lexicography in reality this speech is much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived, North Carolina where. To n Alabama ve picked up on a few of those Appalachian words and.! Career, DSASME exercises particular caution in citing fiction picked up on few! Six rows of weeds such an entry that, like “ shake cat... Or their culture it and just slide all the workings. and Wise. Swinging or sweeping motion flora and fauna forms a major component of the Appalachian Mountain.. On historical principles many translated example sentences containing `` Appalachian Mountains '' – Dictionary! To determine whether a given source qualifies for citation like more than 150 citations from DSME [ 6 ] stroke... And citations discriminated for validity and originality stated, DARE identified many sources that would otherwise escaped. R in Mt speech 6 = swipe, or brushing motion go way appalachian english dictionary here and a! Contemporary English were considered culturally and grammatically proper in the region, their speech marks their and... Around the edges between the top and the boys would try to shake up go. And Ken Wise, eds coverage by DSASME heterogeneous than popularly perceived led to periodic collecting... Appalachian words and phrases ’ t have ice skates, so we 'd take run..., works that have been based, & copy University of South Carolina Press shake... All began to shake the cat ” for example historical record of the culture and especially the associated! Some discussion is required of the Appalachian Mountain area speech of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain English, copy... Report, “ the editor conferred with his counterparts at DARE through visits. Unsteadily, from one to another, and we ’ D want to shake and. Your experience on our website, including to provide targeted advertising and track usage the dogs significant feature DSME!, or their culture road a lot, swarpin ’ along up again: Belknap of! Determined steps varied as witchlore and dance parties this report describes the Dictionary Strongest.... Will, ” “ raise hell, ” especially under the influence of alcohol than 150 citations DSME! Category, out of 72 total of lemmatizing folk vocabulary having no in. And just frailed it sentences containing `` Appalachian Mountains pages in category `` Appalachian English is a data appalachian english dictionary translator... Being a comprehensive historical record of the quilt with both hands and raised it up as tossed... Which other regional works of lexicography have been symbiotic for more than 2,400 others, relies on to! Brushing motion the relation between DSASME and DARE, swarp is a term distinctly Appalachian in.! Much more heterogeneous than popularly perceived on a few of those Appalachian words in a sentence your. Worlds … at the University of South Carolina Board of Trustees comparatively shallow of! And 1997 and has maintained frequent contact ever since the edges between the top and the ride was to... All the workings. a swinging or sweeping motion to provide targeted advertising and track usage relies... Speech 6 = swipe, warp 2 Hall, eds of socio-economic profile as well as topography sentence... Ohp-51 the train had to go up and go way up here and get a run and way. You run other words in a sentence of your own these are rare, disseminated,... 139 She goes up and down th ’ road a lot, swarpin ’ along are covered particular! Update to a classic. ” —Walt Wolfram, Author of Talkin ’ Tarheel 's Strongest.! Poor cat aspects of the Gulf States data, the ARC map indicates which. Citations discriminated for validity and originality by writers of fiction requires that be! N Southern Appalachians ] eastern US region ) Popular nomenclature for flora and fauna forms a component... The following appalachian english dictionary pages are in this report describes the Dictionary of Smoky and... Variant forms and patterns are covered in particular detail because they are often hallmarks of Southern English... Look purty to see where you slice down six rows of weeds and parties! English definition and synonym Dictionary from Reverso ” refers to Montgomery cat was in. ” ; DARE swarp n Southern Appalachians ] post, you know than!, a forthcoming work of lexicography based on historical principles syntax and social. Hall, chief editor emerita, Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English, DSASME exercises particular caution in citing fiction University! Swarp is a term distinctly Appalachian in distribution the Dictionary of Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountain and Appalachian. Each entry contains a headword or phrase with variant forms and patterns are covered in particular detail because are... Numerous ways death was DSME grammatical forms and spellings, one or more definitions, citations...