Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Explore our list of 1870 - 1940 (Third Republic) - French History Books at Barnes & Noble®. After the fall of the Second Empire and the suppression of the Paris Commune, the new Constitutional Laws of 1875 were adopted, establishing a regime based on parliamentary supremacy. Gambetta, photograph by Étienne Carjat; in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Excerpt from The Third French Republic The Third Republic is the child of the Second and the grandchild of the First. To defend Paris, a National Guardwas raised which soon numbered 360,000 men. The head of the Government of France has, since 1958, been called the Prime Minister of France.. During earlier periods of French history the French head of government was known by different titles. The principles upon which the French constitution is based are representative government (by two chambers), manhood suffrage, responsibility of ministers and irresponsibility of the head of the state. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic that was in place from 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War to 1940 during World War II, and suffered many of the same problems. Alterations or modifications of the constitution can only be effected by the National Assembly, consisting of both chambers sitting together ad hoc. … In the aftermath of the war it was deemed necessary to hold elections to a national assembly which could authorize a formal, legitimate peace. Despite the political dysfunction, the Fourth Republic saw an era of great economic growth in France and th Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government’s most forceful member was Léon Gambetta, hero of the radical republicans. See search results for this author. The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government created in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940 after France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the creation of the Vichy government in France. The Third French Republicbegan in 1875 and lasted 65 years. Taking it all in all, the history of the three might be summed up as the education of the democracy. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Even though, it replaced the catastrophically weak and inefficient Third Republic, it still didn’t have what it needed to succeed. The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed, until 1940, when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France. Get your order fast and stress free with free curbside pickup. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... A provisional government of national defense was set up in 1870 and took as its first task the continuation of the war against the invaders.... A provisional government of national defense was set up in 1870 and took as its first task the continuation of the war against the invaders. It was a parliamentary republican democracy that was created following the collapse of … Third Republic. French administrators, soldiers, and missionaries were dedicated to bringing French civilization to the peoples of the colonies. The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. The largest and most important were in North Africa and Vietnam. Some French businessmen went overseas, but there were few permanent settlements. Most of the monarchists had campaigned for peace; the republicans had insisted on a last-ditch fight. Other notable leaders included Léon Blum, Georges Boulanger, Aristide Briand, Georges Clemenceau, Édouard Daladier, Jules Ferry, Léon Gambetta, Édouard Herriot, Jean Jaurès, Pierre Laval, Philippe Pétain, and Paul Reynaud. In February 1871, France surrendered and the Prussians paraded through Paris on March 1. The men of France voted the monarchist party int… Third French Republic (The Anvil series) 1st Edition by Leslie Derfler (Author) › Visit Amazon's Leslie Derfler Page. After the fall of the Second Empire and the suppression of the Paris Commune, the new Constitutional Laws of 1875 were adopted, establishing a regime based on parliamentary supremacy. The extent of this was made apparent on July 10, 1940, when Laval pushed the National Assembly to dissolve itself…. But his attempt to send a force northward to relieve Paris from siege was frustrated by Moltke and by the poor quality of the scratch French forces. The French Third Republic (French: La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France … Commune = Town or local Council In September 1870 the Third Republic was proclaimed after the defeat of Napoleon III at Sedan. The Third Republic, in line with the imperialistic ethos of the day sweeping Europe, developed a worldwide network of colonies. The Empire came to an end following their defeat by … This is indeed a history book written by (literally) a poet. If you want a introduction on La Belle Époque, the period of french history from the founding of the Third Republic up to the break out of World War I, during which French blossomed in culture and science that inspired nostalgia up until this day, look no further. Adolphe Thiers had been sent meanwhile to tour the capitals of Europe in search of support from the powers; but he returned empty-handed. Bismarck forced the French to elect government representatives by voting. France, officially the Third French Republic , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The Third French Republic Defeat on the Franco-Prussian War signalled the end of the Second French Empire. The Third Republic is officially established under Thiers after the French defeat by Prussia. Composed of the deputies representing Paris and formally headed by General Louis-Jules Trochu, the new government’s most forceful member was Léon Gambetta, hero of the radical republicans. Universal suffrage gave them a new political weapon; France’s peculiar socioeconomic structure gave them political weight. The Fifth Republic (French: Cinquième République), France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. Learn third french 3 republic with free interactive flashcards. There is an organic relation ship between them which makes them in reality one. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Third-Republic-French-history, h2g2 - The Rise of the French Third Republic, How Stuff Works - History - France - The Third Republic, Jewish Virtual Library - Third Republic, France. During the next four months, Gambetta’s makeshift armies fought a series of indecisive battles with the Prussians in the Loire valley and eastern France. After the assembly ratified the treaty, the deputies of the lost provinces (Léon Gambetta, too) resigned their seats in protest. His task was complicated by the advance of the Prussian forces, which, by September 23, surrounded and besieged Paris. Corrections? France - France - The Third Republic: A provisional government of national defense was set up in 1870 and took as its first task the continuation of the war against the invaders. Presidents of the Third Republic included Adolphe Thiers (1871–73), Patrice de Mac-Mahon (1873–79), Jules Grévy (1879–87), Sadi Carnot (1887–94), Félix Faure (1895–99), Émile Loubet (1899–1906), Armand Fallières (1906–13), Raymond Poincaré (1913–20), Alexandre Millerand (1920–24), Gaston Doumergue (1924–31), and Albert Lebrun (1932–40). As minister of the interior and, some weeks later, minister of war as well, he threw himself into the task of improvising military resistance. Most Frenchmen opted for peace, though Paris and certain provinces, such as Alsace, voted heavily for republicans. Charles de Gaulle came to power in 1922 following the March on Paris, resulting in France transforming into an authoritarian dictatorship. France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on 13 October 1946. The younger mountains and adjacent plains, Gaul and Germany at the end of the 5th century, The shrinking of the frontiers and peripheral areas, Austrasian hegemony and the rise of the Pippinids, The partitioning of the Carolingian empire, The development of institutions in the Carolingian age, The influence of the church on society and legislation, Economy, society, and culture in the Middle Ages (, Economy, society, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries, The influence of Montesquieu and Rousseau, The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815, The restoration and constitutional monarchy, The Great Depression and political crises, Society and culture under the Third Republic, The euro-zone crisis and the Socialist resurgence. Choose from 254 different sets of third french 3 republic flashcards on Quizlet. It ended with the fall of France to the Germans in 1940. When the National Assembly convened in Bordeaux on February 13, it chose the aging Orleanist Adolphe Thiers as “chief of the executive power of the French republic.” Thiers had been the most outspoken critic of Napoleon III’s foreign policy and had repeatedly warned the country of the Prussian danger. In 1873, Thiers is replaced by Marshal Mac-Mahon who will come to be known for his public moral order.