The Montana Supreme Court struck down the nonpartisan law in 1911 on technical grounds, but a new law was enacted in 1935 which barred political parties from endorsing, making contributions to, or making expenditures on behalf of or against judicial candidates. [134] Nelson Story brought the first Texas Longhorn cattle into the territory in 1866. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek. [121] In 1847, Fort Benton was established as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. [45] The underlying surface consists of sandstone and shale. BEARFACTS. Neither justices nor the clerk are term limited. Montana’s nickname is an exception to the rule. [26][61] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. Montana, constituent state of the U.S. Montana received a second representative in 1913, following the 1910 census and reapportionment. [133], Cattle ranching has been central to Montana's history and economy since Johnny Grant began wintering cattle in the Deer Lodge Valley in the 1850s and traded cattle fattened in fertile Montana valleys with emigrants on the Oregon Trail. [328], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}47°03′10″N 109°38′00″W / 47.0527°N 109.6333°W / 47.0527; -109.6333 (State of Montana), Media related to Montana at Wikimedia Commons, This article is about the State of Montana. [69] Other major Montana tributaries of the Missouri include the Smith,[70] Milk,[71] Marias,[72] Judith,[73] and Musselshell Rivers. Montana Youth Courts were established by the Montana Youth Court Act of 1974. [118], The land in Montana east of the continental divide was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Great Falls has the highest percentage of African-Americans in its population, although Billings has more African-American residents than Great Falls. It allowed the legislature to increase the number of justices by two, which the legislature did in 1979. A new constitution was drafted, which made the legislative and executive branches much more equal in power and which was much less prescriptive in outlining powers, duties, and jurisdictions. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996 and in 2014 Steve Daines won one of the state's U.S. Senate seats for the GOP. The largest mining operations were in the city of Butte, which had important silver deposits and gigantic copper deposits. [269] West Yellowstone offers a large selection of trails and is the primary starting point for snowmobile trips into Yellowstone National Park,[270] where "oversnow" vehicle use is strictly limited, usually to guided tours, and regulations are in considerable flux. [271], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. [177], In the post-World War II Cold War era, Montana became host to U.S. Air Force Military Air Transport Service (1947) for airlift training in C-54 Skymasters and eventually, in 1953 Strategic Air Command air and missile forces were based at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Great Falls. This 6 colors palette has been categorised in Blue, Green, Red, State Flags and Yellow color categories. Montana is the only one of the first 48 states lacking a completed battleship being named for it. In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. Both members, however, were still elected at-large. For other uses, see, "Montanan" redirects here. [265], Montana also has millions of acres open to cross-country skiing on nine of its national forests and in Glacier National Park. Many well-known artists, photographers and authors have documented the land, culture and people of Montana in the last 130 years. RELATED: Russell Wilson’s College Coach Told Him to ‘Give It up’ and Said He’d Never Make the NFL Joe Montana spent 15 years in the NFL, the first 13 of them with the San Francisco 49ers. It is the second largest House district by area, after Alaska's at-large congressional district. [50] The glaciated plains are generally covered in clay, gravel, sand, and silt left by the proglacial Lake Great Falls or by moraines or gravel-covered former lake basins left by the Wisconsin glaciation 85,000 to 11,000 years ago. Fact 7: [272] Equestrian skijoring has a niche in Montana, which hosts the World Skijoring Championships in Whitefish as part of the annual Whitefish Winter Carnival. The first schools were subscription schools that typically met in the teacher's home. and continues to do so. [234] The C. M. Russell Museum Complex in Great Falls, Montana, houses more than 2,000 Russell artworks, personal objects, and artifacts. Montana is an alcoholic beverage control state. The remaining seat was again elected at-large. [128] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. [145] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. There are also nine other statewide elected offices in the executive branch: Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Auditor (who also serves as Commissioner of Securities and Insurance), and Superintendent of Public Instruction. [312], Collectively all of these areas (excluding Havre) are known informally as the "big seven", as they are consistently the seven largest communities in the state (their rank order in terms of population is Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell, according to the 2010 U.S. Montanas nickname is the treasure state and it got its nickname [164] Montana's Remount station in Miles City provided 10,000 cavalry horses for the war, more than any other Army post in the country. Her actions were widely criticized in Montana, where support for the war and patriotism were strong. [140] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. [245] Montana allows the smallest—"Class C"—high schools to utilize six-man football teams,[246] dramatized in the independent 2002 film The Slaughter Rule.[247]. In 1942, the US Army established Camp Rimini near Helena for the purpose of training sled dogs in winter weather. [14] Many of these isolated eastern ranges were created about 120 to 66 million years ago when magma welling up from the interior cracked and bowed the earth's surface here. The highest observed summer temperature was 117 °F or 47.2 °C at Glendive on July 20, 1893, and Medicine Lake on July 5, 1937. Each court member served a six-year term. [280][281], During the age of the Copper Kings, each Montana copper company had its own newspaper. Major events include: There are no major league sports franchises in Montana due to the state's relatively small and dispersed population, but a number of minor league teams play in the state. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000 km2) of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964. [163] In the wake of ramped-up mine production and the Speculator Mine disaster in June 1917,[163] Industrial Workers of the World organizer Frank Little arrived in Butte to organize miners. [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. The Water Court adjudicates water rights claims under the Montana Water Use Act of 1973, and has statewide jurisdiction. [46] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". [163], In the wake of the legislative action in 1918, emotions rose. Six of Montana's smaller four-year schools are members of the Frontier Conference. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Montana's judicial nonpartisan election law in American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, 567 U.S. ____ (Sup.Ct. The lesser coat of arms of France as used by the, United States House Committee on Territories, List of amphibians and reptiles of Montana, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Early Indian treaty territories in Montana, List of military installations in Montana, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Treasure State Academic Information & Library Services, Gallatin College Montana State University, City College at Montana State University Billings, Great Falls College Montana State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Bobcat Stadium (Montana State University), Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States congressional delegations from Montana, city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts, American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, United States District Court for the District of Montana, United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana, "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing", "Montana tourist numbers down, spending up, report says", Canadian Council for Geographic Education 2013, Geographical Dictionary Of The World 1900, Waterbody Report-Clarks Fork Yellowstone River 2013, "Montana's wolf population remains strong", Montana Office of Public Instruction 2010, "U.S. Navy submarine will be named U.S.S. [163], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. [193], As of 2009, almost two-thirds of Native Americans in the state live in urban areas. Another nickname for the state is Big Sky Country. [56][57] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. Many Native Americans were among those who served, including soldiers from the Crow Nation who became Code Talkers. The honyocker was farmer, spinster, deep-sea diver; fiddler, physician, bartender, cook. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semiarid, continental climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). [51] Farther east, areas such as Makoshika State Park near Glendive and Medicine Rocks State Park near Ekalaka contain some of the most scenic badlands regions in the state. [66] Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder,[83] Stillwater,[84] Clarks Fork,[85] Bighorn,[86] Tongue,[87] and Powder Rivers. The Courts of Montana are established by the Constitution of Montana. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. Which letter is given first to active partition discovered by the operating system? In December 1959, Malmstrom AFB was selected as the home of the new Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. Copyright © 2021 Multiply Media, LLC. Between many mountain ranges are rich river valleys. [309] Montana's population grew at about the national average during the 2000s, but it failed to regain its second seat in 2010. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. One of the more popular nicknames for Montana, 'The Treasure State' or 'Treasure State' legend was featured on standard license plates from 1950 to 1966. The taxable value is then multiplied by the mill levy established by various taxing jurisdictions—city and county government, school districts, and others.[223]. [183], On January 3, 2012, the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) at the Montana Department of Commerce estimated Montana had hit the one million population mark sometime between November and December 2011. [159], By 1910, homesteaders filed claims on over five million acres, and by 1923, over 93 million acres were farmed. Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. [200] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. Here Are 7 Jokes About People In Montana That Are Actually Funny. The Montana Water Court was established by the Montana Water Court Act of 1979. [206], About 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. He was widely regarded as the top quarterback in the league. [323] The students of Livingston started a statewide school petition drive plus lobbied the governor and the state legislature to name the Maiasaura as the state fossil in 1985. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates", "Some Shifts In 2010 Census Numbers Due to Boundary Changes, Not All Growth", "Spokane, Montana's Kentucky Derby Winner", "State Fish Blackspotted Cutthroat Trout", "State Fish, Montana Code Annotated: 1-1-507", "TITLE 1. [109] Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Senator in 1978). Montana is home to diverse fauna including 14 amphibian,[91] 90 fish,[92] 117 mammal,[93] 20 reptile,[94] and 427 bird[95] species. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? [28] The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over 10,000 feet (3,000 m) high in the continental United States. In late 1962, missiles assigned to the 341st Strategic Missile Wing played a major role in the Cuban Missile Crisis. [185] Many of Montana's historic logging communities originally attracted people of Scottish, Scandinavian, Slavic, English, and Scots-Irish descent. Some estimates say more than 13 million bison were in Montana in 1870. 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